![]() The Dublin team and colleagues from Queens University Belfast report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that the two great changes in European prehistory – the emergence of agriculture and the advance of metallurgy – were not just culture shifts: they came with new blood. “And this degree of genetic change invites the possibility of other associated changes, perhaps even the introduction of language ancestral to western Celtic tongues.” “There was a great wave of genome change that swept into Europe from above the Black Sea into Bronze Age Europe and we now know it washed all the way to the shores of its most westerly island,” said Dan Bradley, professor of population genetics at Trinity College Dublin. Geneticists from Trinity College Dublin, and archaeologists from Queens University Belfast, speak about their discoveries. These people also brought with them the inherited variation that permits the digestion of milk in maturity – much of the world becomes intolerant to the milk sugar lactose after infancy – and they may even have brought the language that became what is now Irish. #ARE ALL CELTICS IN IRELAND GPSY HOW TO#These settlers were followed by people, initially from the Pontic steppe of southern Russia, who knew how to mine for copper and work with gold, and who carried the genetic variant for a blood disorder called haemochromatosis, a hereditary genetic condition so common in Ireland that it is sometimes called Celtic disease. They brought with them cattle, cereals, ceramics and a tendency to black hair and brown eyes. ![]() The ancestors of the Stone Age farmers began their journey in the Bible lands, where agriculture first began, and arrived in Ireland perhaps via the southern Mediterranean. ![]() Migrant communities did not compete with the original Irish. ![]() They confirm a picture that has been emerging for decades from archaeological studies. Her genes tell us she had black hair and brown eyes. A reconstruction of the Ballynahatty Neolithic skull by Elizabeth Black. ![]()
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